What condition is characterized by meninges inflammation caused by an infection?

Meningitis is a condition specifically defined by the inflammation of the meninges, which are the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, due to an infection. This inflammation can result from viral, bacterial, or sometimes fungal infections, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, and stiff neck. The recognition of meningitis is critical in the context of early childhood education and special education because early diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing severe complications, including neurological damage.

In contrast, the other options refer to different medical conditions not related to meninges inflammation. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by HIV that severely affects the immune system but does not directly involve meningitis. Congenital toxoplasmosis is an infection that can affect infants and is caused by the Toxoplasma parasite, but again, it's not specifically characterized by meninges inflammation. Fragile X Syndrome is a genetic condition that leads to developmental challenges and is unrelated to infections or inflammation of the meninges. Thus, B is the correct answer because it directly pertains to the specific condition described in the question.